 Ge: The element is a gray-white metalloid, and in its pure state is crystalline and brittle, retaining its lustre in air at room temperature. It is a very important semiconductor material. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with an impurity of only one part in 10-10.
Certain germanium compounds have a low mammalian toxicity, but a clear activity against certain bacteria, which makes them of interest as chemotherapeutic agents.
Isolation
Here is a brief summary of the isolation of germanium.
There is normally no need to make germanium in the laboratory as it is readily available commercially. Germanium is available through the treatment of germanium dioxide, GeO2, with carbon or hydrogen. The extraction of germanium from flue dust is complex because of the difficulty in separating it from zinc, which is also present.
GeO2 + 2C Ge + 2CO
GeO2 + 2H2 Ge + 2H2O
Very pure germanium can be made by the reaction of GeCl4 with hydrogen.
GeCl4 + 2H2 Ge + 4HCl
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 Ga:
It is the only metal, except for mercury, caesium, and rubidium, which can be liquid near room temperatures; this makes possible its use in high-temperature thermometers. It has one of the longest liquid ranges of any metal and has a low vapour pressure even at high temperatures.
Ultra-pure gallium has a beautiful, silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits a conchoidal fracture similar to glass. The metal expands on solidifying; therefore, it should not be stored in glass or metal containers, as they may break as the metal solidifies.
High-purity gallium is attacked only slowly by mineral acids. Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light and gallium arsenide is a key component of LEDs (light emitting diodes).
Isolation
Here is a brief summary of the isolation of gallium.
Gallium is normally a byproduct of the manufacture of aluminium. The purification of bauxite by the Bayer process results in concentration of gallium in the alkaline solutions from an aluminium:gallum ratio from 5000 to 300. Electrolysis using a mercury electrode gives a further concentration and further electrolysis using a stainless steel cathode of the resulting sodium gallate affords liquid gallium metal.
Very pure gallium requires a number of further processes ending with zone refining to make very pure gallium metal.
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 Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant lustre. The pure metal gives a high-pitched "scream" when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. It is useful for making low-melting alloys. An alloy of 24% indium and 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature. Canada produces the majority of of the world's supply of indium.
Isolation
Here is a brief summary of the isolation of indium.
Indium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is commercially available. Indium is a byproduct of the formation of lead and zinc. Indium metal is isolated by the electrolysis of indium salts in water. Further processes are required to make very pure indium for electronics purposes.
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 Organic Germanium
WHAT IS ORGANIC GERMANIUM GE-132?
Organic Germanium GE-132 is a mineral composed of the elements germanium, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. Organic Germanium greatly enriches oxygen in your body. It is believed, "All diseases are attributable to the deficiency of oxygen. The dangers of oxygen deficiency in the human body cannot be overemphasized." When you take Organic Germanium, you are increasing your body's reserve of oxygen and you are helping your body supplement the oxygen required.
SAFETY & SIDE EFFECTS
Organic Organic Germanium appears completely safe. All studies indicate it's non-toxic to man and animals. Studies also indicate that all measurable traces of the element leave the body within 26 hours, thus it can be taken daily. Around 2 to 3 percent may get a skin rash. Immune suppressed individuals may get a fever showing that their immune system has been reactivated.
EFFECTIVENESS
1. Prevention of metastasis
2. Lung cancers
3. Prostate cancers
4. Breast cancers
5. Sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma
6. Liver cancer, including liver metastases
7. ENT-cancers, including cancer of the larynx
8. Leukemia and lymphomas as well as metastasis to 9.lymph nodes, spleen tumors
10. Brain tumors
11. Kidney cancers
Germanium is also a strong pain reliever and immunity enhancer.
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